lawyers

Practice is for Professionals, Especially Lawyers

You may have heard a while back that Eddie Murphy and Brett Ratner had to withdraw as co-hosts for this month’s Academy Awards ceremony. The abrasive Mr. Ratner made an anti-gay comment regarding the amount of rehearsing that might be required: “Rehearsal? What’s that? Rehearsal’s for fags.” Uproar, apologies, and resignations followed.

It occurred to me that there is a kernel of “truth” in what Ratner said. Or more accurately, a misplaced belief, a “truth” that many lawyers may hold as self-evident: that rehearsal and practice is for lily-livered, milksop, fraidy-cats.

I say this because last week, I heard yet again, this self-evaluation from an attorney at a CLE seminar: “I’m much better when I don’t prepare.”

Says who?

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Was Thomas Jefferson a Fast Talker?

Wandering around the historic district of Philadelphia early this morning, I found myself at Independence Hall just as its Centennial bell struck the hour. Resonant, pear-shaped tones floated over the sunlit trees, making impromptu music with songbirds. I imagined other sounds that once rang out across the square from open windows—voices in heated debate over details of the Constitution, for example. What did they sound like?

Did those men speak eloquently, crafting arguments with precision and care? Or was their speech peppered with “um” and “uh?” Did they talk as quickly as we do today, or with deliberate, careful enunciation?

Did the manner in which they wrote, with an ink-dipped quill, influence their rate of speech? Did they speak slowly, in a rhythmic reflection of their penmanship? Even writing as quickly as possible, they couldn’t begin to approach the rate at which we can type on a modern keyboard. And that thought leads me to this question: Do we talk fast in part because we write fast?

Last week I had a student who spoke as fast as any lawyer I’ve ever heard, and that’s saying something. Listening to her, I had a moment of insight that her rate of speech was a reflection of the speed of her busy life—writing and typing quickly, running to meetings, hurrying to court, multitasking, racing from one activity to another.

Modern lawyers certainly can talk fast—sometimes I think they are speeding up with each passing year. They tell me they’re afraid of leaving something out, or being cut off by opposing counsel, or even that they’ll be seen as unintelligent if words don’t gush out of their mouths in a flood-swollen torrent. It’s less important that the ideas are well-formed, it seems, than that they keep flowing.

Would we all slow down if our topics were as weighty as the Declaration of Independence?

Alas, we will never actually hear what those voices sounded like in that famous room in Philadelphia. Maybe it’s because they are all fixed in paintings and statues, mute and unmoving, that we assign to them speaking styles resplendent with passion and persuasion, delivered at a ponderous pace calculated to reverberate for centuries.

Go ahead, imagine Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson talking really, really fast. And don’t forget the “ums.” Funny, huh?

I’m interested to find historical accounts of what the 18th-century debate might have sounded like. In John Adams, by David McCullough, we read that Adams spoke with deliberate care, delivering eloquent extemporaneous sentences. Was that the norm? Let me know if you have a good reference.

Courtroom Report

Superior Court in the Pacific Northwest

News reports in this medium-sized town were abuzz with the latest on a local murder. A hearing was scheduled in the case, so I drove to the courthouse anticipating a lively session centering on the defendant’s competency to stand trial. The session lasted almost a minute, since the prisoner hadn’t been transported to court as scheduled. I left to find a trial where lawyers got to say more than one sentence.

A few courtrooms away, a domestic violence protection session was beginning. In the hallway, people milled about, looking uncomfortable and unsure of themselves. They sat in the corridor, whispered to each other, got up, paced, went out for a smoke, waited for family or friends. Anxiety was in the air. The misery of divorce hovered like storm clouds. A palpable sense of the fear inherent in brutal relationships charged the atmosphere.

By comparison, the inside of the courtroom seemed a safe harbor. An efficient judge moved quickly through the schedule. He spoke with detached objectivity as he dealt with folks representing themselves, listening as each gave a sort of personalized citizen’s complaint about their domestic partners. Topics centered around bad behavior—how he beats the dog or how she drives without a license. There were four accusations of harassment by text message, including a guy who texted his girlfriend that he had bought a gun.

Over the course of nineteen cases, only four lawyers were present in three matters. Three of the four were women, none of whom spoke loudly enough to be heard where I was sitting in the second row of spectators. Granted, the courtroom was large, but as the hearings progressed I began to wonder seriously whether all judges are required to take lip-reading courses.

The first attorney to appear stood hunched forward and with her arms folded over her chest as she addressed the court. Opposing her was her client’s wife, a loud, assertive woman who had no trouble projecting her voice. The lawyer prevailed, proving that a soft-spoken lawyer is better than none, I guess, but I was hoping for a more dynamic performance—or at least to be able to hear what the case was about.

The two other women lawyers opposed each other. Their body language was deferential, and they seemed unsure of how to proceed, so I can’t be positive they were lawyers. From the few words I caught, one represented a registered sex offender, whose tee shirt showcased his tattoos—he looked like a sex offender, anyway, so my brain filled in the information I couldn’t hear.

The teacher in me was dying to leap up and fix these timid performances: “Talk with your outside voices! Unfold your arms to open your lungs, take a big breath, and think about whether you are loud enough. Can everybody in the room can hear you? Show the amateur advocates in the room how to stand proudly, talk like you mean it, and get the job done.”

Lawyer #4 had real presence and a resonant baritone voice. He was just about the only person in the whole session who took over the room and advocated. Unfortunately, this gifted lawyer missed an opportunity to be first-rate. Instead of looking at the judge, he talked to his papers, which he had carefully laid out on counsel table. As he made his case, he stared down at them, continually shuffling and rearranging them. He treated them as if  they held the secret to winning, if only he could get them in the right order. He made virtually no eye contact with the judge. It was a perfect example of how distracting all that paper can be.

It takes a leap of faith to handle notes properly. You have to believe you are prepared. This lawyer was prepared, and he didn’t need anything but a short list of bullet points. I know he was prepared, because for over an hour before his appearance, he sat a few feet from me, poring over his file, studying it and making more and more notes. He was prepared, but he didn’t trust that he was. For a five-minute hearing all he needed was one piece of paper with a limited number of bullet points. What was he asking for, and what facts supported that?

The loudest and most assertive person in the courtroom all day was a guy who wanted to visit his kids. He and his estranged wife were dressed properly for court, and both displayed a respectful, if agitated, demeanor. He spoke fast and nonstop, forcing the judge to interrupt to get a word in edgewise. Even though he was more coherent than most, he engaged in the same variety of public whining we’d listened to all morning: his wife hits him, his mother-in-law hits him, his wife is on probation, and she ran off with the kids to live in a distant town. He unleashed genuine anguish at being trapped in a hopeless loop of attack and revenge.

His wife rebutted with counter-accusations and her own list of grievances. She held her own, but couldn’t match his energy. No sooner had the judge shushed him than he jumped back in. When it was all over, he got exactly what he wanted—to see his kids twice a week.

I wrote in my notes, “This is agony,” and added, “Why is this guy the most effective advocate in the room?” He embodied the emotions I’d felt in the corridor—despair as a ruined family disintegrates, the urge to fight in order to fend off the desolation that would surely follow. He was loud enough, he made eye contact, and he spoke with energy and passion. He rose to the occasion.follow

And that’s what I wanted from the attorneys that day. It would have been so simple: look at the judge and speak up.

See any good performances at trial lately? What techniques made them so?

MY BOOK IS OUT!!

I’m celebrating today because the month of April 2009 marks the official publication of my new book! The Articulate Advocate: New Techniques of Persuasion for Trial Lawyers by Brian K. Johnson and Marsha Hunter is available at all the usual online retailers. My co-author and I are grinning from ear to ear. We both spent the first day of publication doing what we always do: teach lawyers how to talk! Brian was at BigLaw, and I was teaching legal aid lawyers for the Department of Justice.
Articulate Advocate Book Cover
Thanks to all who supported both of us during the years we worked on the book. The publisher, Crown King Books; our editor and main brain at CKB, Mary Lou Humphrey; Jessica Hall, stalwart manager of marketing and sales; our distributor IPG in Chicago; our families, friends, and colleagues in the U.S., Canada, the UK and Ireland! The orchestra is playing, so I’ll get off the stage.

I’m celebrating by getting a great night of sleep.

Take a look, and tell me what you think!